Session: Tracking Individual Conversations

Following our Introduction, let's dive into the Session. Think back to the idea of a "conversation thread." Just like you wouldn't start every text message from scratch, agents need context regarding the ongoing interaction. Session is the ADK object designed specifically to track and manage these individual conversation threads.

The Session Object

When a user starts interacting with your agent, the SessionService creates a Session object (google.adk.sessions.Session). This object acts as the container holding everything related to that one specific chat thread. Here are its key properties:

• Identification (id, appName, userId): Unique labels for the conversation.
  • id: A unique identifier for this specific conversation thread, essential for retrieving it later. A SessionService object can handle multiple Session(s). This field identifies which particular session object are we referring to. For example, "test_id_modification".
  • app_name: Identifies which agent application this conversation belongs to. For example, "id_modifier_workflow".
  • userId: Links the conversation to a particular user.
• History (events): A chronological sequence of all interactions (Event objects – user messages, agent responses, tool actions) that have occurred within this specific thread.
• Session State (state): A place to store temporary data relevant only to this specific, ongoing conversation. This acts as a scratchpad for the agent during the interaction. We will cover how to use and manage state in detail in the next section.
• Activity Tracking (lastUpdateTime): A timestamp indicating the last time an event occurred in this conversation thread.

Example: Examining Session Properties

PythonJava

 from google.adk.sessions import InMemorySessionService, Session

 # Create a simple session to examine its properties
 temp_service = InMemorySessionService()
 example_session = await temp_service.create_session(
     app_name="my_app",
     user_id="example_user",
     state={"initial_key": "initial_value"} # State can be initialized
 )

 print(f"--- Examining Session Properties ---")
 print(f"ID (`id`):                {example_session.id}")
 print(f"Application Name (`app_name`): {example_session.app_name}")
 print(f"User ID (`user_id`):         {example_session.user_id}")
 print(f"State (`state`):           {example_session.state}") # Note: Only shows initial state here
 print(f"Events (`events`):         {example_session.events}") # Initially empty
 print(f"Last Update (`last_update_time`): {example_session.last_update_time:.2f}")
 print(f"---------------------------------")

 # Clean up (optional for this example)
 temp_service = await temp_service.delete_session(app_name=example_session.app_name,
                             user_id=example_session.user_id, session_id=example_session.id)
 print("The final status of temp_service - ", temp_service)

 import com.google.adk.sessions.InMemorySessionService;
 import com.google.adk.sessions.Session;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

 String sessionId = "123";
 String appName = "example-app"; // Example app name
 String userId = "example-user"; // Example user id
 ConcurrentMap<String, Object> initialState = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(Map.of("newKey", "newValue"));
 InMemorySessionService exampleSessionService = new InMemorySessionService();

 // Create Session
 Session exampleSession = exampleSessionService.createSession(
     appName, userId, initialState, Optional.of(sessionId)).blockingGet();
 System.out.println("Session created successfully.");

 System.out.println("--- Examining Session Properties ---");
 System.out.printf("ID (`id`): %s%n", exampleSession.id());
 System.out.printf("Application Name (`appName`): %s%n", exampleSession.appName());
 System.out.printf("User ID (`userId`): %s%n", exampleSession.userId());
 System.out.printf("State (`state`): %s%n", exampleSession.state());
 System.out.println("------------------------------------");


 // Clean up (optional for this example)
 var unused = exampleSessionService.deleteSession(appName, userId, sessionId);

(Note: The state shown above is only the initial state. State updates happen via events, as discussed in the State section.)

Managing Sessions with a SessionService

As seen above, you don't typically create or manage Session objects directly. Instead, you use a SessionService. This service acts as the central manager responsible for the entire lifecycle of your conversation sessions.

Its core responsibilities include:

• Starting New Conversations: Creating fresh Session objects when a user begins an interaction.
• Resuming Existing Conversations: Retrieving a specific Session (using its ID) so the agent can continue where it left off.
• Saving Progress: Appending new interactions (Event objects) to a session's history. This is also the mechanism through which session state gets updated (more in the State section).
• Listing Conversations: Finding the active session threads for a particular user and application.
• Cleaning Up: Deleting Session objects and their associated data when conversations are finished or no longer needed.

SessionService Implementations

ADK provides different SessionService implementations, allowing you to choose the storage backend that best suits your needs:

1. InMemorySessionService

   • How it works: Stores all session data directly in the application's memory.
   • Persistence: None. All conversation data is lost if the application restarts.
   • Requires: Nothing extra.
   • Best for: Quick development, local testing, examples, and scenarios where long-term persistence isn't required.
   PythonJava

    from google.adk.sessions import InMemorySessionService
    session_service = InMemorySessionService()
   

    import com.google.adk.sessions.InMemorySessionService;
    InMemorySessionService exampleSessionService = new InMemorySessionService();
   

2. VertexAiSessionService

   • How it works: Uses Google Cloud's Vertex AI infrastructure via API calls for session management.
   • Persistence: Yes. Data is managed reliably and scalably via Vertex AI Agent Engine.
   • Requires:
     • A Google Cloud project (pip install vertexai)
     • A Google Cloud storage bucket that can be configured by this step.
     • A Reasoning Engine resource name/ID that can setup following this tutorial.
   • Best for: Scalable production applications deployed on Google Cloud, especially when integrating with other Vertex AI features.
   PythonJava

   # Requires: pip install google-adk[vertexai]
   # Plus GCP setup and authentication
   from google.adk.sessions import VertexAiSessionService
   
   PROJECT_ID = "your-gcp-project-id"
   LOCATION = "us-central1"
   # The app_name used with this service should be the Reasoning Engine ID or name
   REASONING_ENGINE_APP_NAME = "projects/your-gcp-project-id/locations/us-central1/reasoningEngines/your-engine-id"
   
   session_service = VertexAiSessionService(project=PROJECT_ID, location=LOCATION)
   # Use REASONING_ENGINE_APP_NAME when calling service methods, e.g.:
   # session_service = await session_service.create_session(app_name=REASONING_ENGINE_APP_NAME, ...)
   

   // Please look at the set of requirements above, consequently export the following in your bashrc file:
   // export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=my_gcp_project
   // export GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION=us-central1
   // export GOOGLE_API_KEY=my_api_key
   
   import com.google.adk.sessions.VertexAiSessionService;
   import java.util.UUID;
   
   String sessionId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
   String reasoningEngineAppName = "123456789";
   String userId = "u_123"; // Example user id
   ConcurrentMap<String, Object> initialState = new
       ConcurrentHashMap<>(); // No initial state needed for this example
   
   VertexAiSessionService sessionService = new VertexAiSessionService();
   Session mySession =
       sessionService
           .createSession(reasoningEngineAppName, userId, initialState, Optional.of(sessionId))
           .blockingGet();
   

3. DatabaseSessionService

   

   • How it works: Connects to a relational database (e.g., PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite) to store session data persistently in tables.
   • Persistence: Yes. Data survives application restarts.
   • Requires: A configured database.
   • Best for: Applications needing reliable, persistent storage that you manage yourself.

   from google.adk.sessions import DatabaseSessionService
   # Example using a local SQLite file:
   db_url = "sqlite:///./my_agent_data.db"
   session_service = DatabaseSessionService(db_url=db_url)
   

Choosing the right SessionService is key to defining how your agent's conversation history and temporary data are stored and persist.

The Session Lifecycle

Here’s a simplified flow of how Session and SessionService work together during a conversation turn:

1. Start or Resume: Your application's Runner uses the SessionService to either create_session (for a new chat) or get_session (to retrieve an existing one).
2. Context Provided: The Runner gets the appropriate Session object from the appropriate service method, providing the agent with access to the corresponding Session's state and events.
3. Agent Processing: The user prompts the agent with a query. The agent analyzes the query and potentially the session state and events history to determine the response.
4. Response & State Update: The agent generates a response (and potentially flags data to be updated in the state). The Runner packages this as an Event.
5. Save Interaction: The Runner calls sessionService.append_event(session, event) with the session and the new event as the arguments. The service adds the Event to the history and updates the session's state in storage based on information within the event. The session's last_update_time also get updated.
6. Ready for Next: The agent's response goes to the user. The updated Session is now stored by the SessionService, ready for the next turn (which restarts the cycle at step 1, usually with the continuation of the conversation in the current session).
7. End Conversation: When the conversation is over, your application calls sessionService.delete_session(...) to clean up the stored session data if it is no longer required.

This cycle highlights how the SessionService ensures conversational continuity by managing the history and state associated with each Session object.